The Coastal Region
The “Coastal Region” is the most important wine region in the “Western Cape” area and the epicentre of the South African wine industry. This region stretches 105 kilometres from north to south and 50 kilometres from east to west. The Atlantic Ocean forms its western border and the Boland Mountains to the east. The Hottentot Holland Mountains to the south protect it from the ocean's influence, and it is also crossed by small mountainous "islands" (Paarl Rock, Paardeberg, and Simonsberg). This region is influenced by both oceans and mountains, resulting in numerous microclimates. The climate is Mediterranean, with the ocean's influence more pronounced near the coast, while the interior of the region is warmer.
The Sub-region: Swartland
Traditionally a cereal-producing region, Swartland, whose name means "Black Land" in Dutch, has become one of South Africa's most emblematic wine regions in about fifteen years. The region's topography is very varied, and vineyards can be found on mountainsides or on the rolling hills that dot the area. The climate is warm Mediterranean, with oceanic influences as one approaches the Atlantic coast. The warm climate greatly reduces the incidence of diseases. Rainfall is 400 mm per year, but the region includes many plots of old, unirrigated vines with very low yields. The soils are mainly composed of slate. There are also granite pockets, particularly around Paardeberg Mountain. Most vineyards are bush-trained, a pruning method that provides strong resistance to heat and drought. The main grape varieties in the region are Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre, and Chenin Blanc.